As a severe heatwave sweeps across India with temperatures soaring to 45-47 degrees Celsius, health experts are urging the public to take critical steps to prevent heat exposure and associated illnesses. The extreme temperatures pose significant health risks, including heatstroke, dehydration, and long-term damage to vital organs such as the brain, heart, and kidneys.
Medical experts emphasize the potentially life-threatening effects of exposure to temperatures above 45°C (113°F). At such high temperatures, the body's ability to regulate its internal temperature can be overwhelmed, leading to heatstroke.
Symptoms include a high body temperature (above 40°C or 104°F), confusion, loss of consciousness, and sometimes seizures. Without immediate medical intervention, heatstroke can have deadly implications, they say.
In addition to heatstroke, experts highlight five significant health risks when temperatures exceed 45 degrees:
- Heat Exhaustion and Heatstroke: Prolonged exposure to high temperatures can lead to heat exhaustion, characterized by heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, and headaches. If untreated, it can progress to heatstroke, a life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical attention.
- Dehydration: Rapid fluid loss through sweating can cause dehydration, impairing normal bodily functions. Symptoms include dry mouth, dark urine, reduced urination, fatigue, and dizziness. Severe dehydration can result in kidney damage and electrolyte imbalances.
- Cardiovascular Stress: High temperatures increase cardiovascular strain as blood vessels dilate and the heart works harder to cool the body. This can exacerbate existing heart conditions and heighten the risk of heart attacks and strokes, particularly in vulnerable populations.
- Respiratory Problems: Elevated temperatures worsen air quality by increasing ground-level ozone and pollutants, aggravating respiratory conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- Heat Rash and Skin Problems: Excessive heat and sweating can cause heat rash and sunburn, increasing the risk of skin cancer. Protecting the skin with appropriate clothing and sunscreen is essential.
To mitigate these risks, experts recommend several preventive measures:
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water, avoid alcohol and caffeine.
- Stay Cool: Spend time in air-conditioned environments, use fans, take cool showers, and wear lightweight, loose-fitting clothing.
- Avoid Strenuous Activities: Limit outdoor activities during peak heat hours and take frequent breaks in the shade.
- Monitor Vulnerable Individuals: Keep an eye on the elderly, children, and those with chronic health conditions.
As temperatures continue to rise, staying informed about weather forecasts and taking proactive steps is crucial for protecting against heat-related health issues.